{"id":1610,"date":"2025-05-05T10:04:14","date_gmt":"2025-05-05T10:04:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/?p=1610"},"modified":"2026-01-24T10:07:09","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T10:07:09","slug":"dereglarile-metabolismului-aminoacizilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/dereglarile-metabolismului-aminoacizilor\/","title":{"rendered":"Deregl\u0103rile metabolismului aminoacizilor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"\" data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"687\"><strong data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"333\">Deregl\u0103rile metabolismului aminoacizilor<\/strong> pot afecta profund s\u0103n\u0103tatea, deoarece aminoacizii sunt esen\u021biali pentru func\u021bionarea optim\u0103 a organismului. C\u00e2nd acest sistem biochimic nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 corect, pot ap\u0103rea afec\u021biuni genetice sau metabolice serioase. \u00cen acest articol \u00ee\u021bi explic\u0103m ce sunt aminoacizii, cum sunt metaboliza\u021bi \u0219i ce leg\u0103tur\u0103 au cu degradarea hemului \u0219i formarea bilirubinei.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"689\" data-end=\"692\" \/>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"694\" data-end=\"739\"><strong data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"333\">Deregl\u0103rile metabolismului aminoacizilor<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"741\" data-end=\"986\">Deregl\u0103rile apar atunci c\u00e2nd organismul nu poate procesa corect unii aminoacizi, de obicei din cauza unor defecte genetice care afecteaz\u0103 enzimele implicate \u00een aceste procese. Aceste tulbur\u0103ri sunt cunoscute ca <strong data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"985\">erori \u00eenn\u0103scute de metabolism<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"988\" data-end=\"1007\"><strong>C\u00e2teva exemple:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1008\" data-end=\"1396\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1008\" data-end=\"1157\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1010\" data-end=\"1157\"><strong data-start=\"1010\" data-end=\"1034\">Fenilcetonuria (PKU)<\/strong> \u2013 incapacitatea de a metaboliza fenilalanina, un aminoacid esen\u021bial. Dac\u0103 nu este tratat\u0103, poate cauza \u00eent\u00e2rzieri mintale.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1297\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1297\"><strong data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1176\">Alcaptonuria<\/strong> \u2013 acumularea unui produs de degradare al tirozinei, care duce la colorarea \u00eenchis\u0103 a urinei \u0219i afectarea articula\u021biilor.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1298\" data-end=\"1396\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1396\"><strong data-start=\"1300\" data-end=\"1318\">Homocistinuria<\/strong> \u2013 acumularea de homocistein\u0103, asociat\u0103 cu tulbur\u0103ri vasculare \u0219i neurologice.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1401\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"1403\" data-end=\"1426\"><strong>Ce sunt aminoacizii?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1428\" data-end=\"1697\">Aminoacizii sunt &#8222;c\u0103r\u0103mizile&#8221; din care sunt construite proteinele. Organismul uman are nevoie de 20 de aminoacizi pentru a func\u021biona corect. Dintre ace\u0219tia, 9 sunt esen\u021biali \u2013 adic\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 \u00eei ob\u021binem din alimenta\u021bie, pentru c\u0103 organismul nu \u00eei poate produce singur.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1699\" data-end=\"1729\">Aminoacizii au roluri diverse:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1912\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1792\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1792\">Particip\u0103 la construirea \u021besuturilor (mu\u0219chi, piele, organe)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1793\" data-end=\"1834\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1834\">Ajut\u0103 \u00een produc\u021bia de enzime \u0219i hormoni<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1835\" data-end=\"1863\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1837\" data-end=\"1863\">Sprijin\u0103 sistemul imunitar<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1864\" data-end=\"1912\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1866\" data-end=\"1912\">Sunt surs\u0103 de energie atunci c\u00e2nd este necesar<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"1914\" data-end=\"1917\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"1919\" data-end=\"1936\"><strong>Ce este hemul?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"2335\"><strong data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"1947\">Hemul<\/strong> este o molecul\u0103 esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru via\u021b\u0103, prezent\u0103 \u00een globulele ro\u0219ii. El face parte din structura <strong data-start=\"2045\" data-end=\"2061\">hemoglobinei<\/strong>, proteina care transport\u0103 oxigenul \u00een s\u00e2nge. Din punct de vedere chimic, hemul este alc\u0103tuit dintr-un inel numit <strong data-start=\"2175\" data-end=\"2188\">porfirin\u0103<\/strong>, care are \u00een centru un atom de <strong data-start=\"2220\" data-end=\"2235\">fier (Fe\u00b2\u207a)<\/strong>. Acest atom de fier este cel care leag\u0103 oxigenul, permi\u021b\u00e2nd transportul s\u0103u eficient prin organism.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2389\">Hemul nu este prezent doar \u00een hemoglobin\u0103, ci \u0219i \u00een:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2390\" data-end=\"2546\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2390\" data-end=\"2443\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2392\" data-end=\"2443\"><strong data-start=\"2392\" data-end=\"2406\">Mioglobin\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 \u00een mu\u0219chi, unde stocheaz\u0103 oxigenul<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2444\" data-end=\"2503\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2446\" data-end=\"2503\"><strong data-start=\"2446\" data-end=\"2459\">Citocromi<\/strong> \u2013 proteine implicate \u00een respira\u021bia celular\u0103<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2504\" data-end=\"2546\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2506\" data-end=\"2546\"><strong data-start=\"2506\" data-end=\"2529\">Enzime antioxidante<\/strong>, precum catalaza<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2551\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"2553\" data-end=\"2592\"><strong>Ce leg\u0103tur\u0103 au aminoacizii cu hemul?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2594\" data-end=\"2854\">Unii aminoacizi, \u00een special glicina, contribuie la sinteza hemului \u00een organism. Procesul are loc \u00een principal \u00een celulele hepatice \u0219i cele ale m\u0103duvei osoase. De asemenea, unii deriva\u021bi din aminoacizi (precum succinil-CoA) sunt folosi\u021bi \u00een formarea porfirinei.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2856\" data-end=\"2944\">Pe scurt, metabolismul aminoacizilor influen\u021beaz\u0103 direct formarea \u0219i degradarea hemului.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"2946\" data-end=\"2949\" \/>\n<h3 data-start=\"2951\" data-end=\"2999\">Degradarea hemului \u0219i conversia \u00een bilirubin\u0103<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3001\" data-end=\"3202\">Atunci c\u00e2nd globulele ro\u0219ii \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nesc, ele sunt distruse de celulele sistemului reticuloendotelial (\u00een special din splin\u0103). Hemul eliberat este apoi degradat \u00eentr-un proces format din mai mul\u021bi pa\u0219i:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"3204\" data-end=\"3633\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3204\" data-end=\"3301\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3207\" data-end=\"3301\"><strong data-start=\"3207\" data-end=\"3228\">Hem \u2192 Biliverdin\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 sub ac\u021biunea enzimei <strong data-start=\"3252\" data-end=\"3269\">hem-oxigenaz\u0103<\/strong>. Biliverdina are culoare verde.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3302\" data-end=\"3405\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3305\" data-end=\"3405\"><strong data-start=\"3305\" data-end=\"3333\">Biliverdin\u0103 \u2192 Bilirubin\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 prin enzima <strong data-start=\"3348\" data-end=\"3372\">biliverdin-reductaz\u0103<\/strong>. Bilirubina are culoare galben\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3406\" data-end=\"3495\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3409\" data-end=\"3495\"><strong data-start=\"3409\" data-end=\"3447\">Bilirubina indirect\u0103 (neconjugat\u0103)<\/strong> este transportat\u0103 la ficat, legat\u0103 de albumin\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3496\" data-end=\"3633\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3499\" data-end=\"3633\">\u00cen ficat, este <strong data-start=\"3514\" data-end=\"3546\">conjugat\u0103 cu acid glucuronic<\/strong>, devenind <strong data-start=\"3557\" data-end=\"3597\">bilirubin\u0103 direct\u0103 (solubil\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103)<\/strong>, care poate fi eliminat\u0103 prin bil\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3635\" data-end=\"3751\">Odat\u0103 ajuns\u0103 \u00een intestin, bilirubina este transformat\u0103 \u00een <strong data-start=\"3693\" data-end=\"3709\">urobilinogen<\/strong> de c\u0103tre bacterii. Parte din acesta este:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3752\" data-end=\"3853\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3752\" data-end=\"3797\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3754\" data-end=\"3797\">Eliminat prin fecale (color\u00e2ndu-le \u00een maro)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3798\" data-end=\"3853\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3800\" data-end=\"3853\">Reabsorbit \u0219i eliminat prin urin\u0103 (color\u00e2nd-o galben)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"3855\" data-end=\"3858\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3903\"><strong>Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 procesul e dereglat?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"4227\">Dac\u0103 bilirubina nu este procesat\u0103 corect (din cauza unei boli hepatice, a unei enzime deficitare sau a unui blocaj biliar), aceasta se acumuleaz\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nge \u0219i apare <strong data-start=\"4069\" data-end=\"4080\">icterul<\/strong> \u2013 o colorare galben\u0103 a pielii \u0219i a albului ochilor. Aceast\u0103 stare este frecvent \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 la nou-n\u0103scu\u021bi, dar \u0219i \u00een afec\u021biuni grave ale ficatului.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"4229\" data-end=\"4232\" \/>\n<p data-start=\"4234\" data-end=\"4246\"><strong>Concluzie<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4647\"><strong data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4292\">Deregl\u0103rile metabolismului aminoacizilor<\/strong> pot avea consecin\u021be serioase asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii. De la erori genetice rare p\u00e2n\u0103 la disfunc\u021bii \u00een procesarea hemului \u0219i apari\u021bia icterului, aceste dezechilibre afecteaz\u0103 direct metabolismul, energia \u0219i func\u021biile vitale ale corpului. O \u00een\u021belegere de baz\u0103 a acestor mecanisme ne poate ajuta s\u0103 recunoa\u0219tem semnele timpurii \u0219i s\u0103 cerem sprijin medical la timp.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4647\">Citeste si:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/adn-ul-si-importanta-aminoacizilor-esentiali\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ADN-ul \u0219i importanta aminoacizilor esentiali<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4647\">DOCUMENTAT DIN BIOCHIMIE CLINICA, PATOCHIMIE<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4248\" data-end=\"4647\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61572639073054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook Nutricardio Magazine<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deregl\u0103rile metabolismului aminoacizilor pot afecta profund s\u0103n\u0103tatea, deoarece aminoacizii sunt esen\u021biali pentru func\u021bionarea optim\u0103 a organismului. C\u00e2nd acest sistem biochimic<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1611,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[867,8],"tags":[491,228,489,490,110],"class_list":["post-1610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articole-nutritie-sportiva","category-longevitate","tag-aminoacizi","tag-aminoacizi-esentiali","tag-dereglarea-metabolismului","tag-hemul","tag-proteine"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Deregl\u0103rile metabolismului aminoacizilor - Cabinet NutriCardio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Deregl\u0103rile metabolismului aminoacizilor pot cauza afec\u021biuni grave, necesit\u00e2nd diagnostic \u0219i tratament specializat.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/dereglarile-metabolismului-aminoacizilor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Deregl\u0103rile metabolismului aminoacizilor - 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