{"id":1737,"date":"2025-05-26T09:55:48","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T09:55:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/?p=1737"},"modified":"2026-01-24T15:19:26","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T15:19:26","slug":"stresul-oxidativ-in-diabet-si-boli-cardiovasculare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/stresul-oxidativ-in-diabet-si-boli-cardiovasculare\/","title":{"rendered":"Stresul oxidativ \u00een diabet \u0219i boli cardiovasculare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Stresul oxidativ \u00een diabet \u0219i boli cardiovasculare reprezint\u0103 un subiect de interes major \u00een medicina modern\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t joac\u0103 un rol esen\u021bial \u00een s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirea organismului. \u00cen corpul uman, \u00een cursul proceselor metabolice obi\u0219nuite, apar \u00een mod constant compu\u0219i oxidan\u021bi extrem de reactivi, cunoscu\u021bi sub denumirea de <strong data-start=\"548\" data-end=\"567\">radicali liberi<\/strong> sau <strong data-start=\"572\" data-end=\"594\">radicali oxigenici<\/strong>. Printre cei mai importan\u021bi se num\u0103r\u0103 <strong data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"652\">oxigenul atomic<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"654\" data-end=\"678\">apa oxigenat\u0103 (H\u2082O\u2082)<\/strong> \u0219i <strong data-start=\"682\" data-end=\"710\" data-is-only-node=\"\">radicalul hidroxil (OH\u2022)<\/strong>. Ace\u0219tia au o durat\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 extrem de scurt\u0103 \u2014 de ordinul milionimii de secund\u0103 \u2014 dar \u00een acest timp pot produce daune majore celulelor.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"706\" data-end=\"734\"><strong>Cum ne ap\u0103r\u0103 organismul?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"736\" data-end=\"927\">Pentru a face fa\u021b\u0103 acestor amenin\u021b\u0103ri, organismul dispune de un sistem complex de ap\u0103rare, bazat pe <strong data-start=\"836\" data-end=\"852\">antioxidan\u021bi<\/strong>, care neutralizeaz\u0103 radicalii liberi \u00eenainte ca ace\u0219tia s\u0103 provoace daune.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"929\" data-end=\"975\">Exist\u0103 dou\u0103 tipuri principale de antioxidan\u021bi:<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1060\">1. <strong data-start=\"985\" data-end=\"1023\">Antioxidan\u021bi primari (sau direc\u021bi)<\/strong> \u2013 Previn formarea radicalilor liberi<\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"1062\" data-end=\"1174\">Ace\u0219tia intervin \u00een mod direct \u00een neutralizarea radicalilor oxidan\u021bi sau \u00eempiedic\u0103 formarea lor. Aici distingem:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1176\" data-end=\"1945\">\n<li data-start=\"1176\" data-end=\"1490\">\n<p data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1238\"><strong data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1200\">Procese enzimatice<\/strong> \u2013 implic\u0103 enzime specializate precum:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1241\" data-end=\"1490\">\n<li data-start=\"1241\" data-end=\"1341\">\n<p data-start=\"1243\" data-end=\"1341\"><strong data-start=\"1243\" data-end=\"1272\">Superoxid dismutaza (SOD)<\/strong> \u2013 transform\u0103 radicalul superoxid \u00eentr-o form\u0103 mai pu\u021bin periculoas\u0103.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1344\" data-end=\"1403\">\n<p data-start=\"1346\" data-end=\"1403\"><strong data-start=\"1346\" data-end=\"1358\">Catalaza<\/strong> \u2013 descompune apa oxigenat\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103 \u0219i oxigen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1490\">\n<p data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1490\"><strong data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1432\">Glutation peroxidaza<\/strong> \u2013 neutralizeaz\u0103 peroxizii lipidici \u0219i hidrogenul peroxid.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1492\" data-end=\"1945\">\n<p data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1568\"><strong data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1518\">Procese neenzimatice<\/strong> \u2013 implic\u0103 substan\u021be antioxidante naturale precum:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1571\" data-end=\"1945\">\n<li data-start=\"1571\" data-end=\"1670\">\n<p data-start=\"1573\" data-end=\"1670\"><strong data-start=\"1573\" data-end=\"1603\">Vitamina C (acid ascorbic)<\/strong> \u2013 solubil\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103, protejeaz\u0103 compartimentele lichide ale celulei.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1673\" data-end=\"1756\">\n<p data-start=\"1675\" data-end=\"1756\"><strong data-start=\"1675\" data-end=\"1701\">Vitamina E (tocoferol)<\/strong> \u2013 solubil\u0103 \u00een gr\u0103simi, protejeaz\u0103 membranele celulare.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1759\" data-end=\"1860\">\n<p data-start=\"1761\" data-end=\"1860\"><strong data-start=\"1761\" data-end=\"1790\">Carotenoizi \u0219i flavonoide<\/strong> \u2013 compu\u0219i naturali din fructe \u0219i legume, cu puternic rol antioxidant.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1863\" data-end=\"1945\">\n<p data-start=\"1865\" data-end=\"1945\"><strong data-start=\"1865\" data-end=\"1878\">Glutation<\/strong> \u2013 un tripeptid care ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 direct asupra radicalilor oxidan\u021bi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"1947\" data-end=\"2007\">2. <strong data-start=\"1955\" data-end=\"2007\">Sisteme antioxidante secundare (sau de reparare)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"2009\" data-end=\"2181\">Ace\u0219ti antioxidan\u021bi nu previn formarea radicalilor liberi, dar <strong data-start=\"2072\" data-end=\"2107\">repar\u0103 moleculele deja afectate<\/strong> de ace\u0219tia (precum ADN-ul, lipidele sau proteinele deteriorate). Exemple:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2182\" data-end=\"2376\">\n<li data-start=\"2182\" data-end=\"2247\">\n<p data-start=\"2184\" data-end=\"2247\"><strong data-start=\"2184\" data-end=\"2218\">Sisteme de refacere a ADN-ului<\/strong> (endonucleaze \u0219i polimeraze)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2248\" data-end=\"2328\">\n<p data-start=\"2250\" data-end=\"2328\"><strong data-start=\"2250\" data-end=\"2276\">Proteine de \u0219oc termic<\/strong> (HSP) \u2013 stabilizeaz\u0103 \u0219i repar\u0103 proteinele degradate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2329\" data-end=\"2376\">\n<p data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2376\"><strong data-start=\"2331\" data-end=\"2376\">Enzime de refacere a peroxid\u0103rii lipidice<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"2378\" data-end=\"2381\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2437\">Stresul oxidativ \u00een diabet \u0219i boli cardiovasculare<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2439\" data-end=\"2897\">Stresul oxidativ este implicat direct \u00een <strong data-start=\"2480\" data-end=\"2507\">procesul de \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nire<\/strong>, dar \u0219i \u00een <strong data-start=\"2519\" data-end=\"2557\">complica\u021biile cronice degenerative<\/strong> din diabetul zaharat \u2013 mai ales cele de tip <strong data-start=\"2602\" data-end=\"2620\">neuro-vascular<\/strong>. \u00cen condi\u021bii de <strong data-start=\"2637\" data-end=\"2654\">hiperglicemie<\/strong> (nivel crescut al glucozei \u00een s\u00e2nge), glucoza poate suferi autooxidare, ceea ce duce la formarea de radicali liberi prin reac\u021bii cu metale precum <strong data-start=\"2801\" data-end=\"2809\">Fe\u00b2\u207a<\/strong> sau <strong data-start=\"2814\" data-end=\"2822\">Cu\u00b2\u207a<\/strong>. Radicalul hidroxil (OH\u2022) rezultat este extrem de reactiv \u0219i poate altera:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2899\" data-end=\"3012\">\n<li data-start=\"2899\" data-end=\"2931\">\n<p data-start=\"2901\" data-end=\"2931\"><strong data-start=\"2901\" data-end=\"2920\">Acizii nucleici<\/strong> (ADN, ARN)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2932\" data-end=\"2968\">\n<p data-start=\"2934\" data-end=\"2968\"><strong data-start=\"2934\" data-end=\"2946\">Lipidele<\/strong> (membranele celulare)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2969\" data-end=\"3012\">\n<p data-start=\"2971\" data-end=\"3012\"><strong data-start=\"2971\" data-end=\"2985\">Proteinele<\/strong> (inclusiv cele enzimatice)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3014\" data-end=\"3054\"><strong>Oxidarea lipidelor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3056\" data-end=\"3434\"><strong data-start=\"3056\" data-end=\"3081\">Peroxidarea lipidelor<\/strong>, mai ales a <strong data-start=\"3094\" data-end=\"3116\">LDL-colesterolului<\/strong> (colesterolul \u201er\u0103u\u201d), este un proces central \u00een dezvoltarea <strong data-start=\"3177\" data-end=\"3206\">leziunilor macrovasculare<\/strong> observate at\u00e2t \u00een diabet, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een boala aterosclerotic\u0103. La persoanele cu diabet, sunt afectate at\u00e2t <strong data-start=\"3310\" data-end=\"3333\">lipidele circulante<\/strong>, c\u00e2t \u0219i cele aflate \u00een <strong data-start=\"3357\" data-end=\"3380\">membranele celulare<\/strong> sau \u00een <strong data-start=\"3388\" data-end=\"3408\">teaca de mielin\u0103<\/strong> (care protejeaz\u0103 nervii).<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3436\" data-end=\"3439\" \/>\n<h4 data-start=\"3441\" data-end=\"3459\">Ce putem face?<\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3461\" data-end=\"3594\">\u00cen ultimii ani, s-a observat un interes crescut fa\u021b\u0103 de <strong data-start=\"3517\" data-end=\"3582\">vitaminele antioxidante cu efect protector antiaterosclerotic<\/strong>, cum ar fi:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3595\" data-end=\"3815\">\n<li data-start=\"3595\" data-end=\"3644\">\n<p data-start=\"3597\" data-end=\"3644\"><strong data-start=\"3597\" data-end=\"3611\">Vitamina E<\/strong> \u2013 protejeaz\u0103 lipidele de oxidare<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3645\" data-end=\"3720\">\n<p data-start=\"3647\" data-end=\"3720\"><strong data-start=\"3647\" data-end=\"3661\">Vitamina C<\/strong> \u2013 regenereaz\u0103 vitamina E \u0219i neutralizeaz\u0103 radicalii liberi<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3721\" data-end=\"3815\">\n<p data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"3815\"><strong data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"3752\">Vitamina A (beta-caroten)<\/strong> \u2013 contribuie la s\u0103n\u0103tatea epitelial\u0103 \u0219i la protec\u021bia celulelor<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3817\" data-end=\"3927\"><strong data-start=\"3817\" data-end=\"3845\">Corectarea deficien\u021belor<\/strong> de vitamine sau al\u021bi antioxidan\u021bi este esen\u021bial\u0103, dar trebuie f\u0103cut\u0103 cu pruden\u021b\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3928\" data-end=\"4184\">\n<li data-start=\"3928\" data-end=\"4034\">\n<p data-start=\"3930\" data-end=\"4034\"><strong data-start=\"3930\" data-end=\"3977\">\u00cen primul r\u00e2nd prin alimenta\u021bie echilibrat\u0103<\/strong> \u2013 fructe, legume, nuci, semin\u021be, uleiuri presate la rece<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4035\" data-end=\"4184\">\n<p data-start=\"4037\" data-end=\"4184\"><strong data-start=\"4037\" data-end=\"4085\">Doar la nevoie, \u0219i la recomandarea medicului<\/strong>, se pot administra <strong data-start=\"4105\" data-end=\"4132\">suplimente antioxidante<\/strong> pe baza unor analize care s\u0103 eviden\u021bieze caren\u021bele.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4229\" data-end=\"4563\">Stresul oxidativ este o realitate zilnic\u0103 \u00een organism, dar natura ne-a oferit \u0219i armele pentru a-i face fa\u021b\u0103: antioxidan\u021bii. Un stil de via\u021b\u0103 echilibrat, o alimenta\u021bie bogat\u0103 \u00een fructe \u0219i legume, mi\u0219care regulat\u0103 \u0219i evitarea fumatului \u0219i a excesului de zah\u0103r pot reduce considerabil riscul bolilor cronice cauzate de radicalii liberi.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4565\" data-end=\"4690\"><strong data-start=\"4565\" data-end=\"4690\">Nu subestima puterea antioxidan\u021bilor \u2013 sunt scutul t\u0103u zilnic \u00eempotriva \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nirii premature \u0219i a bolilor degenerative! Citeste si:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/category\/nutritie\/vitaminele-si-mineralele\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/category\/nutritie\/vitaminele-si-mineralele\/<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stresul oxidativ este o realitate zilnic\u0103 \u00een organism, dar natura ne-a oferit \u0219i armele pentru a-i face fa\u021b\u0103: antioxidan\u021bii. Un stil de via\u021b\u0103 echilibrat, o alimenta\u021bie bogat\u0103 \u00een fructe \u0219i legume, mi\u0219care regulat\u0103 \u0219i evitarea fumatului \u0219i a excesului de zah\u0103r pot reduce considerabil riscul bolilor cronice cauzate de radicalii liberi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[868,8],"tags":[77,131,658,239,565,274,672,134,669,671,668,163,426,17,670],"class_list":["post-1737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articole-diabet-si-boli-metabolice","category-longevitate","tag-antioxidanti","tag-boli-cardiovasculare","tag-complicatii-diabet","tag-diabet","tag-glucoza","tag-imbatranire","tag-ldl-oxidat","tag-nutritie","tag-peroxidare-lipidica","tag-preventie","tag-radicali-liberi","tag-sanatate","tag-stres-oxidativ","tag-vitamina-c","tag-vitamina-e"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Stresul oxidativ \u00een diabet \u0219i boli cardiovasculare - Cabinet NutriCardio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Stresul oxidativ \u00een diabet \u0219i boli cardiovasculare favorizeaz\u0103 complica\u021biile; 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