{"id":1584,"date":"2025-05-02T09:43:38","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T09:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/?p=1584"},"modified":"2026-01-24T15:25:33","modified_gmt":"2026-01-24T15:25:33","slug":"tratamentul-dietetic-in-diabetul-zaharat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/tratamentul-dietetic-in-diabetul-zaharat\/","title":{"rendered":"Tratamentul dietetic \u00een diabetul zaharat"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"\" data-start=\"265\" data-end=\"670\">Tratamentul dietetic \u00een diabetul zaharat\u00a0reprezint\u0103 un pilon esen\u021bial \u00een managementul diabetului zaharat (DZ), fiind un element terapeutic constant, indispensabil \u00een toate formele bolii. Pentru unii pacien\u021bi, \u00een special \u00een stadiile incipiente, dieta poate fi singura form\u0103 de tratament necesar\u0103. Mai mult de o treime dintre pacien\u021bii nou diagnostica\u021bi cu diabet zaharat de tip 1 pot fi echilibra\u021bi ini\u021bial doar prin m\u0103suri dietetice.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"672\" data-end=\"723\">Dieta trebuie s\u0103 fie individualizat\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"975\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"739\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"739\">V\u00e2rst\u0103 \u0219i sex<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"740\" data-end=\"770\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"742\" data-end=\"770\">Nivelul de activitate fizic\u0103<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"771\" data-end=\"824\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"773\" data-end=\"824\">Preferin\u021be alimentare \u0219i disponibilit\u0103\u021bi financiare<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"825\" data-end=\"975\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"975\">Caracteristicile clinice ale bolii: prezen\u021ba obezit\u0103\u021bii, dislipidemiei, hipertensiunii arteriale, afect\u0103rilor renale sau a altor tulbur\u0103ri asociate.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Tratamentul dietetic \u00een diabetul zaharat<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"977\" data-end=\"1066\"><strong data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"1066\">Bazele fiziologice ale dietoterapiei \u00een diabetul zaharat. Recomand\u0103ri nutri\u021bionale<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1068\" data-end=\"1094\"><strong data-start=\"1072\" data-end=\"1094\">1. Aportul caloric<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1095\" data-end=\"1234\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1095\" data-end=\"1141\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1097\" data-end=\"1141\"><strong data-start=\"1097\" data-end=\"1113\">Normocaloric<\/strong> la pacien\u021bii normoponderali<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1142\" data-end=\"1199\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1144\" data-end=\"1199\"><strong data-start=\"1144\" data-end=\"1159\">Hipocaloric<\/strong> \u00een cazul celor supraponderali sau obezi<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1200\" data-end=\"1234\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1234\"><strong data-start=\"1202\" data-end=\"1218\">Hipercaloric<\/strong> la subponderali<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1256\"><strong data-start=\"1240\" data-end=\"1256\">2. Glucidele<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1257\" data-end=\"1567\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1257\" data-end=\"1301\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1301\">Reprezint\u0103 <strong data-start=\"1270\" data-end=\"1280\">50-55%<\/strong> din totalul caloric.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1302\" data-end=\"1513\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1304\" data-end=\"1513\">Se evit\u0103 <strong data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1353\">glucidele simple cu absorb\u021bie rapid\u0103<\/strong> (zah\u0103r, produse rafinate), permise <strong data-start=\"1389\" data-end=\"1434\">doar \u00een tipul 1 de diabet bine echilibrat<\/strong>, \u00een propor\u021bie de 5-10% din aportul energetic zilnic (echivalent cu 10-20g\/zi).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1567\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1516\" data-end=\"1567\">Se prefer\u0103 <strong data-start=\"1527\" data-end=\"1549\">glucidele complexe<\/strong>, bogate \u00een fibre.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1598\"><strong data-start=\"1573\" data-end=\"1598\">3. Fibrele alimentare<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1890\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1599\" data-end=\"1729\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"1729\">Se recomand\u0103 <strong data-start=\"1614\" data-end=\"1633\">30-35g fibre\/zi<\/strong>, provenind exclusiv din <strong data-start=\"1658\" data-end=\"1679\">alimente vegetale<\/strong> (legume, leguminoase, fructe, cereale integrale).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1779\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1779\">Dietele dezechilibrate con\u021bin sub 15g fibre\/zi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1780\" data-end=\"1890\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1782\" data-end=\"1890\">Excesul de fibre (&gt;40g\/zi) poate duce la <strong data-start=\"1823\" data-end=\"1845\">pierdere de calciu<\/strong> \u0219i poate <strong data-start=\"1855\" data-end=\"1889\">accentua riscul de osteoporoz\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1892\" data-end=\"1911\"><strong data-start=\"1896\" data-end=\"1911\">4. Lipidele<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1912\" data-end=\"2204\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1912\" data-end=\"2066\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1914\" data-end=\"1976\">Trebuie s\u0103 reprezinte aproximativ <strong data-start=\"1948\" data-end=\"1975\">30% din totalul caloric<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1979\" data-end=\"2066\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1979\" data-end=\"2002\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1981\" data-end=\"2002\">&lt;10% gr\u0103simi saturate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2005\" data-end=\"2034\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2007\" data-end=\"2034\">10% gr\u0103simi mono-nesaturate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2037\" data-end=\"2066\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2039\" data-end=\"2066\">10% gr\u0103simi poli-nesaturate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2067\" data-end=\"2124\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2069\" data-end=\"2124\">Colesterolul zilnic nu trebuie s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 <strong data-start=\"2114\" data-end=\"2123\">300mg<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2125\" data-end=\"2204\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2127\" data-end=\"2204\">Se recomand\u0103 un raport de <strong data-start=\"2153\" data-end=\"2203\">1\/3 gr\u0103simi de origine animal\u0103 \u0219i 2\/3 vegetale<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2206\" data-end=\"2227\"><strong data-start=\"2210\" data-end=\"2227\">5. Proteinele<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2228\" data-end=\"2358\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2228\" data-end=\"2281\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2230\" data-end=\"2281\">Aportul recomandat: <strong data-start=\"2250\" data-end=\"2280\">12-15% din totalul caloric<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2282\" data-end=\"2358\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2284\" data-end=\"2358\">\u00cen caz de afectare renal\u0103, aportul trebuie limitat la <strong data-start=\"2338\" data-end=\"2357\">0,8g\/kg corp\/zi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2360\" data-end=\"2379\"><strong data-start=\"2364\" data-end=\"2379\">6. Alcoolul<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2380\" data-end=\"2505\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2380\" data-end=\"2505\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2382\" data-end=\"2505\"><strong data-start=\"2382\" data-end=\"2401\">Nu este necesar<\/strong> \u0219i trebuie <strong data-start=\"2413\" data-end=\"2434\">evitat sistematic<\/strong> la pacien\u021bii cu <strong data-start=\"2451\" data-end=\"2504\">hipertrigliceridemie, obezitate sau hipertensiune<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2507\" data-end=\"2545\"><strong data-start=\"2511\" data-end=\"2545\">7. \u00cendulcitorii (edulcoran\u021bii)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2546\" data-end=\"2711\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2546\" data-end=\"2621\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2621\"><strong data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2563\">Ne-calorici<\/strong> (zaharin\u0103, aspartam, ciclamat): <strong data-start=\"2596\" data-end=\"2620\">permise cu modera\u021bie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2622\" data-end=\"2711\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2624\" data-end=\"2711\"><strong data-start=\"2624\" data-end=\"2636\">Calorici<\/strong> (ex. sorbitol, xilitol): trebuie <strong data-start=\"2670\" data-end=\"2710\">inclu\u0219i \u00een calculul energetic zilnic<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"2713\" data-end=\"2770\"><strong data-start=\"2716\" data-end=\"2770\">Distribu\u021bia caloriilor \u00eentre principiile nutritive<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2772\" data-end=\"2837\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2772\" data-end=\"2793\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2774\" data-end=\"2793\"><strong data-start=\"2774\" data-end=\"2785\">Glucide<\/strong>: 50-60%<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2794\" data-end=\"2814\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2796\" data-end=\"2814\"><strong data-start=\"2796\" data-end=\"2806\">Lipide<\/strong>: 25-35%<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2815\" data-end=\"2837\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2817\" data-end=\"2837\"><strong data-start=\"2817\" data-end=\"2829\">Proteine<\/strong>: 12-15%<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2839\" data-end=\"2988\">Se prefer\u0103 <strong data-start=\"2850\" data-end=\"2872\">glucidele complexe<\/strong> \u00een locul celor simple. Alimentele cu con\u021binut sc\u0103zut de glucide simple au \u00een general un con\u021binut mai mare de fibre.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2990\" data-end=\"3040\"><strong data-start=\"2993\" data-end=\"3040\">Distribu\u021bia meselor \u0219i alegerea alimentelor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3042\" data-end=\"3223\">Alimentele trebuie s\u0103 fie <strong data-start=\"3068\" data-end=\"3084\">variat alese<\/strong>, \u00een func\u021bie de necesarul energetic \u0219i procentul stabilit de nutrien\u021bi. Se recomand\u0103 stabilirea num\u0103rului de mese \u0219i gust\u0103ri \u00een func\u021bie de:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3224\" data-end=\"3294\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3224\" data-end=\"3250\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3226\" data-end=\"3250\">Num\u0103rul total de calorii<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3251\" data-end=\"3267\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3253\" data-end=\"3267\">Orarul meselor<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3268\" data-end=\"3294\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3270\" data-end=\"3294\">Necesit\u0103\u021bile pacientului<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3296\" data-end=\"3438\"><strong data-start=\"3296\" data-end=\"3323\">Distribuirea glucidelor<\/strong> poate urma un model ca:<br data-start=\"3347\" data-end=\"3350\" \/><strong data-start=\"3350\" data-end=\"3438\">Mic dejun 20% \u2013 Gustare 10% \u2013 Pr\u00e2nz 25% \u2013 Gustare 10% \u2013 Cin\u0103 25% \u2013 Gustare sear\u0103 10%<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3440\" data-end=\"3575\"><strong data-start=\"3440\" data-end=\"3476\">Modul de preg\u0103tire a alimentelor<\/strong> trebuie s\u0103 respecte regulile de gastrotehnie, pentru a p\u0103stra c\u00e2t mai mult din valoarea nutritiv\u0103.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"\" data-start=\"3577\" data-end=\"3580\" \/>\n<h4 data-start=\"3582\" data-end=\"3630\"><strong data-start=\"3584\" data-end=\"3630\">Dieta adultului cu diabet zaharat de tip 2<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3632\" data-end=\"3683\"><strong data-start=\"3635\" data-end=\"3683\">1. Diabet zaharat de tip 2 cu exces ponderal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3685\" data-end=\"3827\">Principalul obiectiv al tratamentului dietetic este <strong data-start=\"3737\" data-end=\"3761\">sc\u0103derea \u00een greutate<\/strong>, printr-o diet\u0103 <strong data-start=\"3778\" data-end=\"3794\">hipocaloric\u0103<\/strong>, adaptat\u0103 gradului de obezitate.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"3829\" data-end=\"3859\"><strong data-start=\"3833\" data-end=\"3859\">Recomand\u0103ri specifice:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"4206\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3902\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3862\" data-end=\"3902\">Evitarea strict\u0103 a <strong data-start=\"3881\" data-end=\"3902\">glucidelor simple<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3903\" data-end=\"3942\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3905\" data-end=\"3942\">Aport crescut de <strong data-start=\"3922\" data-end=\"3942\">glucide complexe<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3943\" data-end=\"4071\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3945\" data-end=\"4005\">Chiar \u0219i \u00een perioada de sl\u0103bire, propor\u021bia recomandat\u0103 este:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4008\" data-end=\"4071\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4008\" data-end=\"4027\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4010\" data-end=\"4027\"><strong data-start=\"4010\" data-end=\"4021\">Glucide<\/strong>: ~55%<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4030\" data-end=\"4050\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4032\" data-end=\"4050\"><strong data-start=\"4032\" data-end=\"4044\">Proteine<\/strong>: ~20%<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4053\" data-end=\"4071\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4055\" data-end=\"4071\"><strong data-start=\"4055\" data-end=\"4065\">Lipide<\/strong>: ~25%<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4072\" data-end=\"4206\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4074\" data-end=\"4206\">Se prefer\u0103 <strong data-start=\"4085\" data-end=\"4130\">dou\u0103 mese principale \u0219i dou\u0103 gust\u0103ri mici<\/strong>, pentru a cre\u0219te <strong data-start=\"4148\" data-end=\"4172\">eficien\u021ba metabolic\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i a favoriza arderea caloriilor.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4208\" data-end=\"4412\"><strong data-start=\"4208\" data-end=\"4232\">Sc\u0103derea \u00een greutate<\/strong> \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te toleran\u021ba la glucoz\u0103 prin reducerea <strong data-start=\"4283\" data-end=\"4321\">rezisten\u021bei periferice la insulin\u0103<\/strong>. Multe cazuri de diabet tip 2 pot fi <strong data-start=\"4359\" data-end=\"4411\">echilibrate doar prin diet\u0103 \u0219i activitate fizic\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4414\" data-end=\"4467\"><strong data-start=\"4417\" data-end=\"4467\">2. Diabet zaharat de tip 2 f\u0103r\u0103 exces ponderal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4469\" data-end=\"4588\">\u00cen acest caz, dieta va fi <strong data-start=\"4495\" data-end=\"4512\">normocaloric\u0103<\/strong>, cu o distribu\u021bie similar\u0103 celei recomandate popula\u021biei generale s\u0103n\u0103toase:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"4589\" data-end=\"4659\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4589\" data-end=\"4628\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4591\" data-end=\"4628\">50-55% glucide (90% glucide complexe)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4629\" data-end=\"4644\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4631\" data-end=\"4644\">25-30% lipide<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4645\" data-end=\"4659\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4647\" data-end=\"4659\">15% proteine<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4661\" data-end=\"4913\">Se men\u021bine importan\u021ba <strong data-start=\"4683\" data-end=\"4705\">activit\u0103\u021bii fizice<\/strong>, care reduce rezisten\u021ba la insulin\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 <strong data-start=\"4748\" data-end=\"4791\">efortul fizic intens este contraindicat<\/strong> la v\u00e2rstnici sau la pacien\u021bii cu <strong data-start=\"4825\" data-end=\"4855\">complica\u021bii macrovasculare<\/strong> (boal\u0103 cardiovascular\u0103, accident vascular cerebral etc.).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4665\" data-end=\"5351\">Documentat din: Medicina Interna Bolile Cardiovasculare si Metabolice vol 2.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4665\" data-end=\"5351\">Publicatia Editura Medicala, prof. dr. L. Gherasim<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4665\" data-end=\"5351\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61572639073054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook Nutricardio Magazine<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4661\" data-end=\"4913\">Citeste si:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nutricardio.ro\/gastrotehnia-arta-prepararii-meselor-sanatoase\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gastrotehnia: arta prepar\u0103rii meselor sanatoase<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tratamentul dietetic \u00een diabetul zaharat\u00a0reprezint\u0103 un pilon esen\u021bial \u00een managementul diabetului zaharat (DZ), fiind un element terapeutic constant, indispensabil \u00een<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1585,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[868,4],"tags":[138,481,123],"class_list":["post-1584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articole-diabet-si-boli-metabolice","category-nutritie","tag-diabet-tip-2","tag-diete-diabet-tip-2","tag-sport"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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